| Principle I. Provide Multiple Means of Representation |
Students differ in the ways that they perceive and comprehend information that is presented to them. For example, those with sensory disabilities (blindness or deafness), learning disabilities, learning style differences, language or cultural differences and so forth may all require different ways of approaching content. Others may simply grasp information better through visual or auditory means rather than from printed text. In reality, there is no one means of representation that is optimal for all students, therefore, providing options in representation is essential.
To learn more about Principle I click on the following link:
National Center on Universal Design for Learning - Principle I
| Principle II. Provide Multiple Means of Action and Expression |
Students differ in the ways that they can navigate a learning environment and express what they know. For example, individuals with significant motor disabilities (e.g. cerebral palsy), those who struggle with strategic and organizational abilities (executive function disorders, ADHD), those who have language barriers and so forth approach learning tasks very differently. Some may be able to express themselves well in writing text but not oral speech and vice versa. In reality, there is no one means of expression that will be optimal for all students, providing options for expression is therefore essential.
To learn more about Principle II click on the following link:
National Center on Universal Design for Learning - Principle II
| Principle III. Provide Multiple Means of Engagement |
Students differ markedly in the ways in which they can be engaged or motivated to learn. Some students are highly engaged by spontaneity and novelty while others are disengaged, even frightened, by new situations and show a preference for strict routine. In reality, there is no one means of representation that will be optimal for all students, providing multiple options for engagement is therefore essential.
To learn more about Principle III click on the following link:
National Center on Universal Design for Learning - Principle III
Video About UDL
The following video explains the three principles of UDL:
National Center on Universal Design for Learning - Principles of UDL